Trends Identified

Modelling and forecasting ICT services.

The model adequacy and query response time are key characteristics of modelling and fore- casting ICT services. Mathematical and computer models based on the results of field and/or computer experiments applying predictive modelling concepts are “trained” based on multiple prototypes of input and output data and essentially simulate both sources to receive data and the models themselves, created on the basis of studies of the physics of corresponding processes. Using such approaches (“metamodelling”), it is possible to speed up calculations manyfold, all the while reducing the number of expensive field or computer experiments. In turn, this should lead to a drastic reduction in the timeframes and cost of design, improvements in the quality of engineered products, simplified use of such services and, as a result, a reduction in the need for qualified users. The use of such modelling to calculate the optical properties of metamaterials with complex geometries used in difficult-to-reproduce conditions makes it possible to optimise metamaterials and minimise production costs, which will lead to a transformation of the market for materials with new properties.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Devices to monitor the current state of the body

The use of devices to monitor the current condition of an organism, including remotely, will make it possible to simultaneously monitor a large group of patients, continuously monitor the parameters of an organism and the state of health of a patient (and where necessary take any urgent support measures), the correctness and timeliness of doctors’ instructions, and enable communications between individual monitoring devices and the remote work location of the doctor.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Data analysis systems for low- and high-molecular marker molecules

Systems to analyse data on low- and high-molecular marker molecules are hardware and soft­ ware systems offering high­performance analysis of proteins, nucleic acids and low­molecular metabolites using miniaturised mass spectrometers. The unique feature of these systems lies in their ability to quickly identify the structure of molecules, which makes these technological solu­ tions highly in demand in biochemical diagnostics.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Genetic passport

An important step for the transition to predictive and personalised medicine is the wide­ spread dissemination of genetic passports containing data from a DNA analysis of the individual. Based on the genetic information provided, a doctor can not only correctly put forward a diagnosis and select the most appropriate treatment, but also – prior to revealing the real picture of the pathological process – to warn of any possible developments of a particular disease with a view to providing timely prophylaxis or treatment.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Products and services to guarantee quality of life

Growth in the market for products and services to guarantee quality of life will be linked to the emergence of specialist portals (both for various professional groups and for the population at large), as well as the development of continuous monitoring systems for important human physiological parameters based on mobile solutions. In terms of bioinformation technologies, the most in demand will be the results of innovative development at the juncture of micro-, nano- and biotechnologies, including algorithms and software to reveal the base mechanisms at work in the brain and memory and integrated systems to prevent health risks.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Resource-based services for distributed and parallel computing (metacomputing)

Resource-based services for distributed and parallel computing (metacomputing) allow the use of supercomputers to significantly increase the effectiveness of scientific research, as well as to increase the competitiveness of products across numerous sectors of the economy. Key directions in the development of metacomputing include grid-algorithms and software for distributed solutions to complex computing tasks; and algorithms and software to develop, verify and test large programmes. With the growth in demand for metacomputing services standard mechanisms will be developed for internal regulation of this services market and quality metrics will be created for these services which will make it possible to form business models for interaction between providers and consumers of the services. In the field of material production, thanks to e-science metacomputing services there will be a fall in the entry threshold for start-up companies onto knowledge-intensive product markets (microelectronics, pharmaceuticals, new material design, bioengineering). The development of this product group requires entirely new methods to solve the problems of energy consumption, component times between failures and the parallelism of the further movement towards increasing the real performance of metacomputing hardware platforms.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

“Internet of Things”

The concept of the development and communication of physical objects, referred to as the “Internet of Things”, appeared in the late 1990s. Its main idea was to fit as many objects as possible with interaction technology, creating a self-organising network of devices (objects) capable of working together to address these challenges and respond to changes in the environment. Such organisation of things (devices, objects) can restructure the corresponding economic and social processes and significantly reduce human involvement in these processes. The increase in the number of devices able to access the Internet, the growth in high-speed wireless networks, the development of machine interaction technologies and new types of sensors, the dissemination of cloud-based solutions and the start of the transition of client devices to IPv6 are all contributing to this. To realise the launch potential of the “Internet of Things” in terms of simple identification of objects in production processes, there needs to be a transformation in business processes in the majority of economic sectors.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Augmented reality technologies

Augmented reality technologies will be used as a basis for the creation of devices, which allow people to adapt the ways in which they interact with their environment through entirely new interfaces. A classic example of this concept is Google Goggles, which allows users to download information from the Internet on objects in their environment in real time. The most likely next step in the development of these technologies will be the appearance of special contact lenses imperceptible to others and able to transmit any information required from a variety of sources (including the Internet) to the user directly onto the retina of the eye. Thus, in terms of augmented reality the ways in which people socialise and perceive their surrounding environment could radically change, which in turn will bring about significant socio-economic effects.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

"Brain - computer" interfaces to transfer a signal to specific patterns of neurons

In the long-term, there is expected to be “brain-computer interfaces” which are systems to transfer electronic impulses from the body’s nervous system to an electronic device and back. This achievement would find wide application in neuroprosthesis, in particular when developing bionic sensory organs. The development of this field will subsequently lead to the creation of systems which are a functional part of the human intellect (exocortex) to further improve cognitive processes.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

Sensors to analyse the make-up of various environments

Nanostructured materials and coatings can be applied to sensors to analyse the make-up of various environments so as to increase their responsiveness (by reducing the diffusion time in the sensitive layer) and increase sensitivity (by increasing the specific surface). Nanotechnologies can be used to develop new types of sensitive materials to miniature multi-sensor matrices (sensors) embedded in consumer electronics and clothing, and can also be placed in production and residential buildings.

2016

Russia 2030: science and technology foresight

Russia, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation